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ppt课件-g e o g123 b lec.#1..ppt- instruct uwo（g b e o g123 lec。# 1 . .ppt -指导uwo）.ppt

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Chapter 1 Essentials of Geography Geosystems 5e An Introduction to Physical Geography Key Learning Concepts After reading the chapter you should be able to: Define geography and physical geography in particular. Describe systems analysis, open and closed systems, feedback information, and system operations, and relate these concepts to Earth systems. Explain Earth’s reference grid: latitude and longitude, and latitudinal geographic zones and time. Define cartography and mapping basics: map scale and map projections. Describe remote sensing and explain geographic information system (GIS) methodology as a tool used in methodology as a tool used in geographic analysis. The Science of Geography Geography – from geo “Earth” and graphein “to write”? Geography is A method, not a body of knowledge Holistic (relating to or concerned with wholes or with complete systems rather than with the analysis of, treatment of, or dissection into parts). Eclectic (composed of elements drawn from various sources). Geographers use spatial analysis (the examination of spatial interactions, patterns, and variations over area/or space. Geography is a spatial science; spatial analysis its essential approach). Spatial- The nature or character of physical space, as in an area; occupying or operating within space. What is the Science of Geography? Geography is the science that studies the interdependence of geographic areas, places, and locations; natural systems; processes; and societal and cultural activities over Earths surface. Physical geography involves the spatial analysis of Earths physical environment. Various words denote the geographic context of spatial analysis: space, territory, zone, pattern, distribution, place, location, region, sphere, province, and distance. Spatial patterns of Earths weather, climate, winds and ocean currents, topography, and terrestrial biomes are examples of geographic topics. Example of what physical geographers do: Question: How might a