ppt课件-internalresistanceandresistivityindccircuits.pptVIP

RC (Resistor-Capacitor) Circuits AP Physics C RC Circuit – Initial Conditions An RC circuit is one where you have a capacitor and resistor in the same circuit. Suppose we have the following circuit: Initially, the capacitor is UNCHARGED (q = 0) and the current through the resistor is zero. A switch (in red) then closes the circuit by moving upwards. The question is: What happens to the current and voltage across the resistor and capacitor as the capacitor begins to charge as a function of time? Time(s) VC Which path do you think it takes? Voltage Across the Resistor - Initially VResistor t (sec) e If we assume the battery has NO internal resistance, the voltage across the resistor will be the EMF. After a very long time, Vcap= e, as a result the potential difference between these two points will be ZERO. Therefore, there will be NO voltage drop across the resistor after the capacitor charges. Note: This is while the capacitor is CHARGING. Current Across the Resistor - Initially t (sec) Imax=e/R Since the voltage drop across the resistor decreases as the capacitor charges, the current across the resistor will reach ZERO after a very long time. Note: This is while the capacitor is CHARGING. Voltage Across the Capacitor - Initially t (sec) Vcap e As the capacitor charges it eventually reaches the same voltage as the battery or the EMF in this case after a very long time. This increase DOES NOT happen linearly. Note: This is while the capacitor is CHARGING. Current Across the Capacitor - Initially t (sec) Imax=e/R Since the capacitor is in SERIES with the resistor the current will decrease as the potential difference between it and the battery approaches zero. It is the potential difference which drives the value for the current. Note: This is while the capacitor is CHARGING. Time Domain Behavior The graphs we have just seen show us that this process depends on the time. Let’s look then at the UNITS of both the resistance and capacitance. Unit for Resistance = W =