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Chapter X Chapter 9Environmental Health and Safety Concepts and Theories Preventive approach Ecologic perspective Ecosystem Contaminant Toxic agent Triangle of human disease ecology Long-Range Environmental Impact Consider present and future needs Food and fuel limitations of the natural environment Conservation by balancing present and future needs Preventing consequences of environmental abuse Major Global Environmental Concerns Overpopulation Effects: food scarcity, water shortages, depletion of other vital resources Demographic entrapment: population ability of ecosystem to support it or acquire needed support, or when population exceeds its ability to migrate to other ecosystems in a manner to preserve its standard of living Government’s role: solutions may be controversial depending on culture, religious beliefs, personal values and convictions Nurse’s role: teaching about birth spacing, preventing high-risk pregnancies, preventing growing epidemic of HIV/AIDS, providing family planning education, providing prenatal care Question Is the following statement true or false? A contaminant is a poisonous substance in the environment that produces harmful effects on the health of humans, animals, or plants. Answer False A contaminant is organic or inorganic matter that enters a medium such as water or food and renders it impure. Major Global Environmental Concerns (cont.) Air pollution One of the most hazardous sources of chemical contamination; adverse effects include costs to property, productivity, quality of life, and human life (see Fig. 9.3) Difficulty establishing actual cause and effect Certain geographic areas more susceptible to ill effects due to weather or physical terrain Major Global Environmental Concerns (cont.) Dusts, gases, and naturally occurring elements Dusts: silica dust, asbestos; gases: sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, chlorine, ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, radon (see Fig. 9.4) Pollen, volcanic ash, airborne microorganisms