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Piezoelectric Material A presentation by Travis Heffernan Monique Furtado Engineering 45 Properties of Materials Santa Rosa Junior College Fall 2007 Younes Ataiiyan Direct Piezoelectric Effect Piezoelectric Material will generate electric potential when subjected to some kind of mechanical stress. The direct Effect : Generator Compression Effect: Decrease in volume and it has a voltage with the same polarity as the material Tension Effect: Increase in volume and it has a voltage with opposite polarity as the material Inverse Piezoelectric Effect If the piezoelectric material is exposed to an electric field (voltage) it consequently lengthens or shortens proportional to the voltage. The Inverse Piezoelectric Effect If the applied voltage has the same polarity then the material expands. If the applied voltage has the opposite polarity then the material contracts. The History of Piezo The name Piezo originates from the Greek word piezein, which means to squeeze or press. The piezoelectric effect was first proven in 1880 by the brothers Pierre and Jacques Curie. Developing theories… Pierre and Jacques Curie predicted and demonstrated the piezoelectric effect using tinfoil, glue, wire, magnets, and a jeweler’s saw. They showed that crystals of tourmaline, quartz, topaz, cane sugar, and Rochelle salt generate electrical polarization from mechanical stress. The converse effect was mathematically derived by Gabriel Lippman in 1881 using fundamental thermodynamic principles and was later experimentally confirmed by the Curies. How are Piezoelectric ceramics made? Fine powders of the component metal oxides are mixed in specific proportions, then heated to form a uniform powder. The powder is mixed with an organic binder and is formed into structural elements. The elements are fired according to a specific time and temperature program, during which the powder particles sinter and the material attains a dense crystalline structure. The elements are coo
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