ppt课件-paleoclimatology anintroduction- u m d（古气候学anintroduction m d - u）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-paleoclimatology anintroduction- u m d（古气候学anintroduction m d - u）.ppt

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Paleoclimatology: An introduction Daniel Kirk-Davidoff Department of Meteorology University of Maryland Problems in Paleoclimate The Faint Young Sun, Snowball Earth and long-term homeostasis Mass Extinctions: Bolide Impacts, Volcanic Catastophes Global Anoxia Warm Climates Ice Ages: Trends and Cycles Paleocalibration Odds and Ends The Faint Young Sun and Homeostasis Long-Term Carbon Cycle(Berner, 2003) Solution ? Energy-Balance Climate Models Snowball Earth Mass Extinctions Warm Climates Ice Cycles: Trends and Cycles Tertiary Climate History Continental Drift Obliquity Variations CO2, Ice Volume, and Paleocalibration Antarctic Record of CO2 and Temperature Why does CO2 change with Temperature? Odds and Ends Why I love Paleoclimatology, but don’t totally trust it. * Blackbody Temperature 255 K 248 K 241 K 233 K (Due to Budyko, Sellars) Where T(?) is the zonal mean temperature as a function of latitude, S(?) is the insolation, ??????? is the albedo (expresed as a function of temperature), A and B represent infrared cooling of the earth as a function of surface temperature and greenhouse gases, and D is a diffusivity (this last term is sometimes replaced by a Newtonian restoration to an equilibrium temperature profile). Basic idea: something happens to reduce CO2 fluxes into the atmosphere World ices over completely Weathering shuts down CO2 builds up to very high levels, until Ice melts back rapidly to nothing. Arguments: How thick was the ice? How do you model weather processes in a global ice age? If there was so much ice, how did life survive in the ocean? The Chicxulub Crater: Due to an impact around 65 Ma Deccan Traps: One of the largest volcanic provinces in the world, erupted circa 60-65 Ma Which one killed the dinosaurs? Lots of interesting issues here: What causes million-year scale climate changes anyway? Orthodoxy is that they’re forced by changes in mantle convection, which in turn force CO2, but our knowledge of past CO2 levels is highly le