ppt课件-p r e s s u r e w i n d s- wiley home（p r e s s u r e w i n d s -威利回家）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-p r e s s u r e w i n d s- wiley home（p r e s s u r e w i n d s -威利回家）.ppt

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Winds and the Global Circulation System Objectives: Describe the measurement and variation of atmospheric pressure Explain the processes that impact upon wind direction and weather systems Describe the pressure and circulation patterns of the atmosphere Evaluate the role of upper atmospheric circulation Describe the circulation patterns of the oceans In Northern hemisphere – cyclones spiral counter clockwise Anticyclones spiral clockwise In Southern hemisphere – opposite Cyclones spiral clockwise Anticyclones spiral counter clockwise General Circulation of the Earth’s Atmosphere In Northern hemisphere – cyclones spiral counter clockwise Anticyclones spiral clockwise In Southern hemisphere – opposite Cyclones spiral clockwise Anticyclones spiral counter clockwise Doldrums Intense heating causes air to rise, leading to little horizontal motion at times Very calm conditions Upper Atmosphere At 5-7 kms above the surface Influenced only by pressure gradient force and Coriolis force Geostrophic winds that flow parallel to isobars Jet Streams Narrow bands of high velocity Form along the polar front and above the Hadley cell in the subtropics Circulation patterns (CURRENTS) produced by: Winds Density differences in sea water Coriolis force Shape of ocean basins Astronomical factors (TIDES) Ocean Temperatures Surface warms – especially in the summer Layer of rapid temperature drop - thermocline Ocean Currents Driven mostly by wind blowing over the surface However, currents move slowly Lag behind wind speed so often called drifts Gyres Large circular currents Subtropical gyre corresponds to the subtropical high pressure N. and S. Equatorial currents corresponds to the trade winds Equatorial countercurrent corresponds to the ITCZ West winds around Antarctica create circumpolar gyre Portions branch off toward the equator -Smooth westward flow of upper air westerlies -Develop at the polar front, and form convoluted waves eventually pinch off -Primary mechanism f