ppt课件-paleoclimateindicators-theuniversityofvermont.pptVIP

Paleoclimate indicators Rock types as indicators of climate Gowganda tillite, Ontario The concept of climate proxies A climate proxy is something that records or reflects a change in temp or rainfall but does not DIRECTLY measure temperature or precipitation For example… Tree rings:degree of seasonality Middle Cretaceous climate indicators Stable isotopes of oxygen: a proxy for temperature but now considered an almost direct measurement Stable isotopes: do not decay over time. Ex, O16 and O18. O18 is produced from O16 through nucleosynthesis in supernovae Anything that incorporates oxygen into its chemical structure will do so with some ratio of O18:O16. We can measure the ratios of these isotopes in the lab O18/O16 fractionation Curve of average O18 isotope variation over the past 2my based on analysis of deep sea sediment Sr87/Sr86a proxy for salinity/rainfall (evap vs ppt) Middle Cretaceous and early Tertiary temperatures Not proxies, but direct measuresSr:Ca ratios in aragonite: a measure of seawater temperature Ocean surface temps and climate in the Tertiary Hypothesize about the Cambrian climate of VT Although zonal, the zones can be compressed Take away points.. What is a “climate proxy?” What are examples of: geochemical proxies? biological proxies? lithologic proxies? When you see how paleoclimate reconstruction for a geologic period, can you describe the various techniques used to create it? * Accumulation of significant thicknesses of limestone and Reef-bearing limestone is restricted to ~20o + - equator Rock record of glaciation, this one ~2.3 billion years ago! Serrations on leaf margins indicate temperature: jagged edges indicate cooler climate Leaf waxiness is an indicator of moisture retention In the tropics there is no difference in growing seasons and tree rings are not well developed. These are tree rings from a tree in a temperate climate Vegetation zones in Europe parallel latitude now and 9,000 yr before present W = warm-