ppt课件-planetary energy balanceand radiative transfer- c m m a p（行星能量balanceand辐射传输- c m m p）.pptVIP

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2017-01-25 发布于四川
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ppt课件-planetary energy balanceand radiative transfer- c m m a p（行星能量balanceand辐射传输- c m m p）.ppt

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* * * AT606 Fall 2006 * CSU ATS Scott Denning * AT606 Fall 2006 * CSU ATS Scott Denning * * AT606 Fall 2006 * CSU ATS Scott Denning * * * * * * Electromagnetic Radiation Solar radiation warms the planet Conversion of solar energy at the surface Absorption and emission by the atmosphere The greenhouse effect Planetary energy balance Radiation and the Planetary Energy Balance Electromagnetic Radiation Oscillating electric and magnetic fields propagate through space Virtually all energy exchange between the Earth and the rest of the Universe is by electromagnetic radiation Most of what we perceive as temperature is also due to our radiative environment May be described as waves or as particles (photons) High energy photons = short waves; lower energy photons = longer waves Electromagnetic Spectrum of the Sun Spectrum of the sun compared with that of the earth Ways to label radiation By its source Solar radiation - originating from the sun Terrestrial radiation - originating from the earth By its name ultra violet, visible, near infrared, infrared, microwave, etc…. By its wavelength short wave radiation l 3 micrometers (mm) long wave radiation l 3 micrometers Absorption of Solar Radiation Blackbodies and Graybodies A blackbody is a hypothetical object that absorbs all of the radiation that strikes it. It also emits radiation at a maximum rate for its given temperature. Does not have to be black! A graybody absorbs radiation equally at all wavelengths, but at a certain fraction (absorptivity, emissivity) of the blackbody rate Total Blackbody Emission The total rate of emission of radiant energy from a “blackbody”: E* = sT4 This is known as the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, and the constant s is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4). Stefan-Boltzmann says that total emission depends really strongly on temperature! This is strictly true only for a blackbody. For a gray body, E = eE*, where e is called the emissivity. In general, the emissivity depend