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Biology IWhat is pH? Acids and Bases Some of our favorite foods make our tongue curl up because they are SOUR. Bitter! Some foods have a “bite” of their own because they’re somewhat bitter. WHY? Acidic/Basic There is a scientific reason for this: These foods are either acidic or basic. Other substances besides foods have these characteristics. Acids and Bases Chemicals may be classed as acids or bases. Things that are neither acids nor bases are neutral. pH measures how acidic or basic a solution is. Acids Often taste sour Strong acids can burn skin eyes Strong acids can dissolve metals Examples: Lemon juice Vinegar Car battery acid (dangerous!) Bases Can taste bitter, sweetish, or salty Strong bases can burn skin eyes Bases react more easily with protein than with metal; they are often used for cleaning Examples: Milk Baking soda Soap Drain cleaner (dangerous!) Some substances are not really an acid or a base: For example, pure water Most Substances: Can be identified as either acidic or basic Like the soil in our backyard. pH A special name is given to the acid or base characteristic that a substance has: It is called: pH “p” stands for potential and “H” stands for hydrogen; hence, the potential of a substance to attract hydrogen ions How Do We Measure pH? We measure pH by using special strips of paper called pH paper How Does It Work? The paper is treated with chemicals that change color to show the pH. When the paper touches the substance being tested, it turns a specific color to tell if the substance is an acid or a base. The pH Scale pH scale ranges from 0 -14 pH 7 is neutral; neither acid nor base Pure water is pH 7 Low pH (0-6.9) = acid High pH (7.1-14) = base The closer to the ends of the scale, the stronger the solution is Acid Any substance which has a pH of value of less than 7 is considered an acid 0--------------7---------------14 Acid Neutral Base Base Any substance which has pH value greater than 7 i