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ppt课件-18_ benage.ppt- lawrence berkeley national laboratory（18 _ benage。ppt -劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）.ppt

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WDM/Dense Plasma Experiments:Issues and Examples Berkeley WDM Winter School January 14, 2007 Presented by John Benage Physics Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Why are WDM/Dense Plasmas interesting? WDM and dense plasmas are interesting because; It is difficult to develop theoretical models for material at such conditions. Many exotic objects, such as white and brown dwarfs, neutron stars, giant planets, etc. exist at conditions where much of their makeup is WDM or dense plasma. What are physics issues for WDM/Dense Plasmas? Why is this so difficult theoretically? Mainly because most of the simplifications used for solving other many body physics questions are not appropriate in this regime. (See Michael Murillo’s talk later this afternoon.) Of course, this implies that nearly all properties of WDM are difficult to predict. For example, even the equation of state for WDM, a critical component for modeling white dwarfs and giant planets, is not well-known. Other basic transport properties: electrical conductivity, important for many pulsed power applications opacity, important for modeling laser-plasma expts., holraums, etc. and viscosity, affects growth of instabilities, turbulence How do we improve our knowledge of WDM? Follow the scientific method! First, develop a hypothesis, such as a particular theoretical approach will describe some property, and then test it. For some simple questions, this test could be a direct numerical simulation like molecular dynamics, but ultimately one usually needs to do experiments. However, not all experiments are equal. For example, an experiment that has small enough error bars to actually distinguish between different theoretical models is essential. For WDM experiments, this can be a difficult goal to reach. Why are WDM experiments difficult? In any experiment, it is important to do only one experiment at a time. What do I mean by this? Minimize gradients, both spatially and temporally Measure the mater