ppt课件-12.20112.501essentialsofgeophysics.pptVIP

10/13/04 12.201/12.501 12.201/12.501 Essentials of Geophysics Geodesy and Earth Rotation Prof. Thomas Herring tah@ /~tah Today’s Topics More complete analysis of Earth rotation variations and what they tell us about the Earth’s interior and exterior Rigid body rotation review Incorporation of fluid effects namely the fluid inner core and external fluids such as oceans and atmosphere Measurements of Earth rotation Very long baseline interferometry: Measurement relative to an extra-galactic reference frame Global Positioning System (GPS): Measurement relative to Earth orbiting spacecraft Satellite Laser Ranging: Measurement relative to orbiting body but one with better dynamical behavior than GPS. Rigid Body Rotation Fundamental equation of a rotating body: The rate of change of the angular momentum in a non-rotating frame equals the applied torque. Defining the angular momentum H with Rigid body rotation With the angular momentum defined, and torque defined as L=rxF where F is the force applied, we have You will see both forms used. Non-rotating form used for externally applied torques such as those from Sun and Moon: Yields motion of rotation axis in space (precession nutation) Rotating form for terrestrial problems such as atmospheric excitation of motion of rotation axis with respect to the crust (polar motion) Moments of Inertia Moments of inertia are related to the Earth’s gravity through the Stokes coefficients Cnm and Snm ie., when gravity potential expanded as: Substituting P20, P21 and P22 forms in the above equations yields: Moments of Inertia Relationship between gravity field coefficients and moments of inertia: Notice that there are only 5-Stokes coefficients but 6 moments of inertia. (Also need R radius of the Earth and M its mass). To obtain all the moments of inertia: We use the precession constant but care is needed Precession constant The rate of precession of the rotation due to constant part of the luni-solar torques (the