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a c m ereportsectiontemplate-eurocbc（一个c m ereportsectiontemplate-eurocbc）.doc

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Distribution of cold-water corals in the NORTHEAST ATLANTIC in relation to fisheries Request The European Commission, Directorate General for Fisheries, request (letter of 5 July 2000) for the “identification of areas where cold-water corals may be affected by fishing.” Source of information The 2002 Report of the Working Group on Ecosystem Effects of Fishing Activities (WGECO) (ICES CM2002/ ACE:03). The 2002 Report of the Study Group on Mapping the Occurrence of Cold-Water Corals (SGCOR) (ICES CM 2002/ACE:05). Introduction Many species of coral grow in cold water. If the request were interpreted widely, these corals occur throughout the ICES area and the entire ICES area would be identified. However, this request from the European Commission is to help meet recent concerns about the impacts of fishing on cold-water coral reefs. It is therefore assumed for the purposes of this report that cold-water corals refer to those coral species that contribute to reef formation in waters with temperatures less than about 20?oC. In Northeast Atlantic waters, these include the azooxanthellate scleractinarian corals Desmophyllum cristagalli, Enallopsammia rostrata, Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata, and Solenosmilia variabilis. The main reef-building species is Lophelia pertusa. Other coral species often occur in association with Lophelia pertusa and none has been found forming reefs without Lophelia pertusa being present. Zibrowius (1980) gave a good general review of the distribution of cold-water corals in European waters. Lophelia pertusa can occur in a variety of forms; in larval form it can presumably move widely, but once settled it can grow upon itself to form large reefs or reef complexes. Sars (1865) was the first to suggest that Lophelia pertusa can build reefs. However, the use of the term “reef” has been debated in the scientific literature, and different authors suggest various terms to be applied for accumulations of azooxanthellate coral colonies and skeletons