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c o n t r o l a n d n a v i g a t i o n a s p e c t s o f t h e n e w（c o n t r o l n d n v我g t i o n s p e c t s o f t h e n e w）.doc

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CONTROL AND NAVIGATION ASPECTS OF THE NEW ESA EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS Pierluigi Silvestrin Earth Observation Programmes Directorate European Space Agency ESTEC EOP-FPP Noordwjik 2200-AZ, The Netherlands Pierluigi.Silvestrin@ESA.int Abstract: Several new missions are under development within ESA’s Earth Observation (EO) programmes. In 2005-2009 the following satellites will be launched: Cryosat (ice altimetry); GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer); SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity); Aeolus (atmospheric winds); Swarm (magnetic field). Other projects under final preparations include: EarthCARE (Earth Cloud, Aerosol,and Radiation Explorer) and SPECTRA (Surface Processes and Ecosystem Changes Through Response Analysis). These missions are briefly reviewed, emphasizing control/navigation aspects when instrumental to the novel EO data. Two representative examples (GOCE and SPECTRA) are described in more detail. Relevant sensor and actuator technology aspects are also outlined. Copyright( 2004 IFAC Keywords: space vehicles; attitude control; navigation systems; spacecraft autonomy. 1. INTRODUCTION The observation of the Earth from space is a rapidly expanding field. It relies on remote sensing techniques (observations of optical or microwave electromagnetic radiation, in either passive or active systems) or on the use of in situ measurements collected in the proximity of the Earth, with the goal to derive information on the different components of our planet and on their interactions. In recent years the trend towards a fully quantitative approach to Earth observation (EO) with ever increasing accuracy has accelerated. This is driven not only by the development of observation payloads with markedly improved performance for the more traditional sensors (e.g., imagers and sounders), but also by a renovated scientific approach to the study of the Earth as a complex, dynamic system, which triggers the develo