滴灌微润灌运移规律.docVIP

滴灌和微润灌条件下桂西北山区典型土壤水分运移规律分析 吴卫熊，何令祖，张廷强，邵金华 (广西自治区水利科学研究院，广西南宁， 530023） 摘要：为了研究滴灌和微润灌在广西山区主要土壤的水分运移规律，在广西山区选择砂土、壤土和粘土等三种典型土壤，在室内建立并开展土壤水分运移规律试验。试验结果表明：①在地埋粘土、壤土和砂土以及0.10MPa工作压力条件下，微润管的单米流量分别为0.24L/h、0.31L/h和0.43L/h，为地表出流量的67.6%～98.8%，滴灌管的单米流量为4.17L/h、5.92L/h和6.10L/h，为地表出流量的38.1%～68.2%；②在三种土壤中，滴灌和微润灌的水分运移形状初期为圆形，后期为椭圆形，但砂土的湿润范围最大、壤土次之、粘土最小；③在土箱相同位置，粘土的土壤含水率最大，壤土次之，砂土最小；④根据滴灌和微润灌的土壤水分运移规律，提出滴灌管和微润管在砂土、壤土的适宜埋深为20cm，在粘土的适宜埋深为10cm。 关键词：广西；山区；微润灌；滴灌；土壤水分运移. 中图分类号： 文献标志码： 文章编号： Research on Soil-water Movement Characteristics of Guangxi main soil under the condition of Moisture Irrigation and Drip Irrigation WU Wei-xiong，ZHANG Ting-qiang，HE Ling-zu，SHAO Jin-hua (Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute，Nanning 530023，China) Abstract: Moisture irrigation and drip irrigation have already been applied in hill area of Guangxi. This experiment simulated the condition and irrigation schedule of sandy soil， loam soil and clay soil under the condition of Moisture irrigation and drip irrigation. The results show that: ① on the condition of 0.10MPa and ground of clay， loam and sand， the flow of moisture tube were 0.24L/h?m、0.31L/h?m and 0.43L/h?m， the flow of drip tube were 4.17L/h?m、5.92L/h?m and 6.10L/h?m .②the migration velocity of soil-water in the sandy soil is higher that in the loam soil， which in the clay soil is the lowest and the variation law of soil-water content was basically consistent.③The soil-water content in the clay soil is higher that in the loam soil， which in the sandy soil is the lowest. ④Based on the results of this experiment， the capillary of sand， loam and clay in hill area reasonable depth should be 20cm，20cm and 10cm. Key Words: Guangxi；Hill area；Moisture irrigation；Drip irrigation；Soil-water movement. 0引言 广西山区包括河池、百色、南宁、柳州、来宾、崇左等6个市的30个县（市、区），该区域基础设施落后，群众生活较为贫困，农民收入低，是典型的“老、少、边、山、穷”地区。30个县（市、区）中，国家级扶贫开发重点县25个、自治区扶贫开发重点县5个。近年来，广西大力开展精准扶贫，引进微润灌、滴灌等灌溉技术，在山区进行了推广，由于这些技术省工、省时、能实现水肥一体化，不仅能提高作物产量，也能改善作物的品质，深受当地群众的欢迎。 国内外的学者和专家对滴灌在土壤水分运移研究较多，如朱