MKTGL, Session , Introduction to Global Operations培训讲义.pptVIP

MKTG-7213, Outline Supply Chain Thought of the day When you are arguing with a fool, make sure he isnt doing the same thing. Anonymous Session no. 2Introduction to Global Operation Introduction Learning outcome At the end of this session you will be able to describe the major similarities and differences between domestic and global logistics Topics Global Logistics Global transportation, warehousing, packaging, inventory and material handling management Global intermediaries Terms of sales and documentation Three eras of globalization The first era was initially driven by countries (1400–1800) seeking materials and goods not available in their own land The second era of globalization (1800–2000) was driven by companies seeking goods and materials, labor, economies of scale, and markets.  In the third era of globalization, said to have begun around the year 2000, the significant characteristic is that it is being powered by individuals and smaller organizations Role of Logistics in Globalization Global Logistics Background For the international firm, customer locations and sourcing opportunities are widely dispersed across the globe. Logistics costs comprise between 10% and 30% of the total landed costs of an international order. Effective international logistics and supply-chain management can produce higher earnings and greater corporate efficiency. Case:沃尔玛中国遭遇物流之痛 “来自沃尔玛的威胁将首先体现在供应链上”，当这个位列世界500强之首的零售大鳄在1996年悄然登陆中国的时候，业内人士这样看待它对本土零售业的冲击。然而，快10年过去了，这个零售业的老大在中国并未显示出咄咄逼人的发展态势。究竟是什么阻挠了沃尔玛前进的步伐？ 沃尔玛前任总裁大卫·格拉斯曾说过：“配送设施是沃尔玛成功的关键之一，如果说我们有什么比别人干得好的话，那就是配送中心。”灵活高效的物流配送系统是沃尔玛达到最大销售量和低成本的存货周转的核心。在美国，沃尔玛利用配送系统把货品送到商店的物流成本占销售额的2.5%左右，而其竞争对手做同样的事情一般要付出5%的成本。那就是说，当沃尔玛与对手经营同一种商品的时候，他们比竞争对手的成本要低2.5%左右。同时，沃尔玛利用卫星资讯处理系统，把制造商、物流商融入自己的营运网络。别人要30天配送补货，沃尔玛只要5—7天。这才是沃尔玛打败它在美国竞争对手的关键。 Case:沃尔玛中国遭遇物流之痛 然而在中国，沃尔玛目前只在深圳蛇口有一家配送中心，供应商如果只想在当地的沃尔玛店里销售，则采取供应商直送的方式。如果要在国内销售，尤其是非食品类，则要将货送至设于深圳的沃尔玛配送中心；如果想做出口，则由沃尔玛设在深圳的全球采购办操作。因此，该配送中心还只是一个货物的中转站，其功能无法与沃尔玛高效的物流配送中心相提并论。沃尔玛在国内的店