ProcessSelectionandFacilityLayout优秀讲义.pptVIP

Introduction Process selection Deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized Major implications Capacity planning Layout of facilities Equipment Design of work systems Process Selection and System Design Process Selection Variety How much Flexibility What degree Volume Expected output Process Types Job shop Small scale Batch Moderate volume Repetitive/assembly line High volumes of standardized goods or services Continuous Very high volumes of non-discrete goods Product – Process Matrix Product – Process Matrix Automation Automation: Machinery that has sensing and control devices that enables it to operate Fixed automation Programmable automation Facilities Layout Layout: the configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment, with particular emphasis on movement of work (customers or materials) through the system Importance of Layout Decisions Requires substantial investments of money and effort Involves long-term commitments Has significant impact on cost and efficiency of short-term operations The Need for Layout Decisions The Need for Layout Design (Cont’d) Basic Layout Types Product layouts Process layouts Fixed-Position layout Combination layouts Basic Layout Types Product layout Layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow Process layout Layout that can handle varied processing requirements Fixed Position layout Layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed Product Layout Advantages of Product Layout High rate of output Low unit cost Labor specialization Low material handling cost High utilization of labor and equipment Established routing and scheduling Routing accounting and purchasing Disadvantages of Product Layout Creates dull, repetitive jobs Poorly skilled workers may not maintain equipment or quality of output Fairly inflexible to changes in volume Highly susceptible to shutdowns Needs preventive mai