(姚鑫蓉)第七讲动词及动词短语(教师版)：供参习.doc

◆课前轻松阅读 The whole desert(沙漠)seemed to be burning. The sun was shining brightly. Father and son were crossing the desert. They stopped to drink some water and rest for several minutes. Soon they drank all of the water that they brought. But it was impossible for them to get some. After a long walk, they were terribly tired and thirsty, so every step was very difficult. At this point the father saw a horseshoe in the sunshine on the yellow sand that was left by some desert pioneer. The father said to his son Pick it up now, for it will be useful. The son looked at the huge desert with a disdainful(轻视的)look and shook his head. The father said nothing, but stopped to pick up the horseshoe and moved on. Finally, they reached a house and the father got 200 sour grapes by selling the horseshoe. When they walked in the desert and suffered thirst once again, his father took out the sour grapes to eat as he walked and he dropped one on the ground while he was eating一his son would have to stoop(弯腰) to pick it up each time he wanted to eat. 第一讲：动词及动词短语 ◆考点导航 根据对动词和动词词组部分全国各省市中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为： 动词和动词词组辨析。 常用动词于名词、副词、介词构成的短语动词的基本含义和引申义。 ◆基础过关 一.定义 表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。动词决定着句子意思的表达，同时又决定着句子的语法结构。 1.根据动词在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。 说明 很多动词是兼类词。例如： We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。（have是实义动词。） He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。（have是助动词。） 2. 根据动词后是否带有宾语，可分为及物动词与不及物动词两类(英语缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.)。 说明 同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） 3. 动词根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两类。如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。） 说明 英语中共有三种非谓语动词：动词不定式、动名词、分词。 4. 根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词、短语动词、动词短语例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。） Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。（