Effects of Gesture on Addressee’s Attention and 手势对收信人的关注和影响.ppt

‘Hold that thought’:Effects of held gestures on referent accessibility Mischa Park-Doob UC Berkeley, Dept. of Linguistics Background Goldin-Meadow et al. (2001) found that gesturing while speaking improves performance on concurrent memorization tasks. ? Why might this happen? This would yield improved rehearsal for the concurrent memorization task. Background Goldin-Meadow et al. (2001) found that gesturing while speaking improves performance on concurrent memorization tasks. Access to gestures may sidestep some of the need for internal rehearsal of material related to the speaking task. This would yield improved rehearsal for the concurrent memorization task. ? Improved performance! Background Internal rehearsal requires a certain amount of voluntarily directed attention, a central processing task with a unitary focus at a given moment in time (Miyake Shah, 1999). Because of this “central processing bottleneck”, less rehearsal for one task should allow more rehearsal for a separate, simultaneous task (Pashler, 1997). Background Background Gesture might result in information being “written” to Working Memory in a more robust way than it would be without gesture. Why? ? Direct visual and kinesthetic experience might create robust WM traces which require less rehearsal to maintain adequate activation, as compared to mental imagery generated without an embodied accompaniment. Background Since gestures are externalized they are available to the visual (and kinesthetic) facets of perceptual attention, and may also engage the automatic orienting response. Both provide a means by which information from gesture can “enter” Working Memory, without needing attention to be voluntarily directed at gesture: Background Background Gestures need not disappear instantly. Having continued access to a gesture allows more flexibility in any process that activates or reactivates the gesturally presented information. Instead of constant internal rehearsal, such inf