Elastic Collisions Northern Illinois University弹性碰撞伊利诺斯北部大学.pptVIP

Elastic Collisions Momentum and Kinetic Energy An object in motion has a momentum based on its mass and velocity. p = mv The object also has kinetic energy. K = ? mv2 = p2 / 2m Kinetic Energy at Collision Energy is conserved only for conservative forces. Internal forces may be nonconservative. The force at the collision is not always conservative. Elastic Collision For conservative forces the energy is conserved. After the collision of contact the potential energy is zero. The total kinetic energy is conserved – equal before and after the collision. This an elastic collision. Double Conservation Elastic collisions conserve both momentum and kinetic energy. Two equations govern all elastic collisions. Head-on Collision An elastic head-on collision takes place in one dimension. If the collision is not head-on, the force pair is in a different direction. Related Velocities Equal Masses A 150 g ball moves at 1.4 m/s. The momentum is 0.21 kg m/s It strikes an equal mass ball at rest. v1i = 1.4 m/s v2i = 0 Therefore, v1f = 0 and v2f = v1i Striking a Heavy Mass Let m1 m2, when a golf ball bounces off the floor. The floor is at rest. v2i = 0 The final velocity is equal and opposite the initial velocity Striking a Light Mass Let m1 m2, when a car strikes a ball. The ball is at rest. v2i = 0 For a very heavy m1 , the final velocity of m2 is twice the initial velocity of m1 . * * energy lost to heat Before: m1 v1i v2i m2 After: v2f v1f Elastic m1 m2 v1i v2i before m1 m2 v1f v2f after m1 m2 v1i v2i m1 m2 v1i v2i force and velocity in a line force and velocity on different lines m1 m2 v1i v2i momentum in a line kinetic energy conservation solve for velocities m1 m2 v1i m1 m2 v2f momentum: kinetic energy: momentum: kinetic energy: combined: m1 v1i v1f momentum: kinetic energy: combined: v1i v2f m2