Elbow, Forearm, Wrist and Hand MVROP肘部、前臂、手腕和手mvrop.pptVIP

Elbow, Forearm, Wrist and Hand Elbow Bones: Humerus: only bone of the arm Landmarks: medial and lateral epicondyles, olecranon fossa, capitulum (articulation with the radius), trochlea (articulation with the ulna) Ulna: bone on the pinkie (medial) side of forearm Landmarks: olecranon process, radial notch Radius: bone on the thumb (lateral) side of forearm Landmarks: radial head Ligaments: Ulnar collateral: prevents valgus force (think of it as MCL of knee) Radial collateral: prevents varus force (think of it as LCL of knee) Annular ligament: circular ligament encompassing the radius, allows for rotation of radius while holding it securely to the ulna Bursae Bicipital bursa: anterior aspect of elbow, cushions the bicep Olecranon bursa: posterior aspect of elbow, cushions between olecranon process and the skin Muscles Elbow flexion Brachialis, brachioradialis, biceps brachii Elbow extension Triceps brachii Nerves: Ulnar nerve: passes posterior to the medial epicondyle “hitting your funny bone” Joint Mechanics Elbow: hinge joint between ulna and humerus Allows for flexion and extension Joint between ulna and radius (radio-ulnar) Allows for pronation and supination of the forearm Forearm Bones: Radius and ulna held together by interosseus membrane Landmarks: radial and ulnar styloid processes Radioulnar joint Proximal allows for pronation and supination Distal connects the radius and ulna at the wrist Muscles Anterior (flexors) Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Flexor pollicus longus Pronator teres ** flexor tendons originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus Muscles cont. Posterior (extensors) Extensor digitorum communis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor pollicus longus ** extensors origiante on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus Wrist and Hand Basic Anatomy Bones Distal radius and ulna (styloid process) Carpals: 8 bones of wr