Elastically Deformable Models NTUST弹性变形模型台湾.pptVIP

Elastically Deformable Models Demetri Terzopoulos John Platt Kurt Fleischer 1987 Outline Dynamics of Deformable Models Energies of Deformation Applied Forces Implementation of Deformable Models Simulation Examples Dynamics of Deformable Models Lagrange’s form: a: a point in a body r(a,t): position of a at time t μ(a): mass density of the body at a γ(a): damping density of the body at a ε(r): a function, potential energy of deformation Energies of Deformation Develop potential energies of deformation ε(r) associated with the elastically deformable models. Analysis of Deformation Energies for Curves, Surfaces, and Solids Analysis of Deformation Distance between two point in Euclidean 3-space: Metric tensor G: Curvature tensor B: For space curve: Arc length: s(r(a)) Curvature: κ(r(a)) Torsion: τ(r) Energies for Curves, Surfaces, and Solids Curve: Surface: Solid: Applied Forces Gravitational force: Spring force: Force on the surface of body: Net external force: f(r,t) = fgravity + fspring + fviscous + fcollision Implementation of Deformable Models A Simplified Elastic Force Discretization Numerical Integration Through Time A Simplified Elastic Force Simplified deformation energy for a surface: Discretization1/2 continuous → discrete Forward first differnece oprators: Backward first differnece oprators: Forward and backward cross difference operators: Central second difference operators: Discretization2/2 elastic force: discrete form equations (1): Numerical Integration Through Time t = 0 to t = T is subdivided into equal time steps △t Simulation Examples1 Two different static behaviors of an elastic surface. a: simulates a thin plate. ( = 0, = positive constant) b: simulates a membrane. ( 0, = 0) Simulation Examples2 A ball resting on a supporting elastic solid. The solid has a metric tensor. The internal elastic force interacts with the collision force to deform the solid. Simul