Facilities Management and Design TN设施管理与设计系统.pptVIP

Facilities Management and Design Chapter 8 Lighting Systems Basic lighting terms Visible light ROY G BIV Color rendition Lumen Illumination Footcandles Light sources Natural light (sunlight) inexpensive and can contribute much to overall lighting needs drawbacks solar heat gain glare fading and physical deterioration of fabrics Common artificial light sources incandescent lamps electric discharge lamps Incandescent lamps Advantages instant starting and restarting low in cost good color rendition Disadvantages short lifetime poor efficiency high operating cost adds heat to building Types Conventional rough service or vibration Tungsten reflector Electric discharge lamps Advantages longer lifetimes higher efficiency low operating cost Disadvantages slow starting and restarting higher cost poorer color rendition Types Fluorescent mercury vapor metal halide high- and low-pressure sodium Lighting system design elements Light levels determined by the tasks or activities that will take place within a space light levels measured by portable light meters; Illuminating Engineers Society, Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers recommend minimum light levels building area method vs. space-by-space method dimming controls Lighting system design elements Luminaires Components Lamps lamp sockets ballasts (for electric discharge lamps) reflective material lenses or louvers Housing visual comfort probability coefficient of utilization Lighting system design elements Color rendition color of light affects appearance of surfaces, finishes, furnishings, etc. color rendering index Safety lighting system must comply with local safety codes all luminaires need adequate ventilation, clearance, and proper wattage acryllic diffuser or tube safety shield for some lamps in some locations (kitchens, for example) insufficient light glare widely varying light levels can be hazards Emergency lighting