语法专题(七)比较结构.docVIP

语法专题（七）比较结构 一、 比较等级和比较结构 比较等级是指形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级之分。而比较结构是指运用形容词和副词的级别，对两种或两种以上的事物进行比较的短语结构。根据比较级别可以分为三类：一是表示某物和某物一样；二是表示某物比另外某物更加怎么样；三是表示某物最怎么样。下面我们分别来看表示这三种比较的英语结够有哪些。 二、 三种比较结构 （一）原级：as …as结构, 具体在句子中，就有两种应用形式： A is as +adj as B 或者：A do B as + adv + as C (do). Mary is as tall as Betty. I drove as carefully as Tom did. 好，我们来看一下这种结构的一些变化形式： 否定式：A is not as/so + adj + as B；或 A do not do B so/as + adv + as C (do). Mary is not so tall as Betty. I did not drive as carefully as Tom did. 2) as +many/much + 名词+ as There are as many students in our class as in their class. We have as much snow this year as last year. 3) A is as + adj + a/an + 名词 + as B Mary is not as beautiful a girl as Betty. I just want to read as interesting a book as that one. 4) A is a/an + 名词 + as + adj + as B. 实际上这是将上面第3）种的名词提前，这样as + adj + as B就变成了后置定语。 Mary is not a girl as beautiful as Betty. I just want to read a book as interesting as that one. 5）A is as+adj(1) as A is+adj (2). 注意：（1）这是 as….as…结构比较特殊的用法，是指将同一事物就其两个不同的方面进行比较, 所以结构中的两个形容词是不同的。 Mary is as beautiful as she is clever. = Mary is beautiful, and she is clever too. = Mary is both beautiful and clever. = Mary is not only beautiful but also clever. This book is not as intersting as it is instructive. = This book is instructive, but it is not interesting. （2）否定形式中的一种特例：A is not so much a/an B as (A is) a C. 翻译是：与其说A是B, 不如说他是C. He killed many innocent people. So he was not so much a hero as a killer. 他杀了许多无辜百姓。所以与其说他是英雄，不如说他是杀人犯。 6) 带有修饰语的as….as….结构。 A is almost/exactly/nearly/just/quite/not/not half/half/twice/three times + as +adj as B A do B almost/exactly/nearly/just/quite/not/not half/half/twice/three times as + adv + as C I am just half as tall as Yao Ming. Yao Ming is twice as tall as me. I don’t eat half as much as he does. He doesn’t work half as hard as me. I work twice as hard as he. （二）比较级：more…than结构，具体在句子中，就有两种应用形式： A is …er than B( A is more + adj原级 + than B