09-27外科感染(中医,本)范例.ppt

一、目的与要求 （一）熟悉外科感染的发生、发展和防治原则；全身性外科感染的病因、临床表现和诊治；外科应用抗菌药的原则。 （二）了解外科感染的分类、诊断；破伤风的病因、临床表现和诊治。 （三）学会疖、痈、皮下急性蜂窝织炎、丹毒、浅部急性淋巴结炎和淋巴管炎、甲沟炎和指头炎的诊断和治疗。 二、教学内容 （一）重点讲解外科感染的发生、发展和防治原则；全身性外科感染的病因、临床表现和诊治；外科应用抗菌药的原则；疖、痈、皮下急性蜂窝织炎、丹毒、浅部急性淋巴结炎和淋巴管炎、甲沟炎和指头炎的诊断和治疗。 （二）一般介绍外科感染的分类、诊断；破伤风的病因、临床表现和诊治。 抗击外科感染的先哲 Joseph Lister (1827 –1912), a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery, who promoted the idea of sterile surgery . Lister successfully introduced carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments and to clean wounds, which led to reducing post-operative infections and made surgery safer for patients. William Stewart Halsted An American surgeon who emphasized strict aseptic technique during surgical procedures, was an early champion of newly discovered anesthetics, and introduced several new operations, including the radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Sir Alexander Fleming A Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the discovery of the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mold Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945. 第一节 概论 Conceptions Infection: The inflamatory reations caused by the invasion,stagnation and propagation of pathogens. Pathogens: virus, bacteria, fungi, parasite etc Surgical infection: the requirement of surgery, the most common in sugical diseases (1/3-1/2). Classifications of SI 一、按病菌种类分 1. 非特异性感染（ nonspecific or pyogenic） Furuncle, carbuncle, appendicitis etc 2. 特异性感染 （ specific ）difference in pathogens, course, treatment, usually with distinctive pathological changes, such as tetanus, tuberculosis, gaseous gangrene, anthrax 破伤风 结核 气性坏疽 炭疽 Classifications of SI 二、按病情进展分（ Course length） 1. 急性 （Acute）( 3 weeks) mostly nonspecific 2. 慢性（Chronic）( 2 months) 3.亚急性（Subacute） (3 weeks----2 months) 三、按发生条件分（ Developmen