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福壽螺在台灣 巫文隆?中央研究院動物研究所 中文摘要 福壽螺被引進台灣有十五年的歷史，所造成的夢魘及農業與生態上的危害，是大家有目共睹的事實。所有的水塘，幾乎是福壽螺的天下，稻田、溝渠與水道，處處可見一糰糰粉紅色的卵塊。本文從福壽螺的引進台灣談起，對其特殊的生態習性、棲息環境、飼養所造成的農業災害、食用價值的評估、福壽螺的防治及寄生蟲等方面作全面性的整合與研究。 從解剖學上的研究，可以發現福壽螺為紐舌型齒舌，貝殼斷面可分為三層，分別是：殼皮、稜柱層及珠層。福壽螺為雌雄異體，從沒有在同一個個體內發現有雌雄二套生殖系統。福壽螺的外套膜為雙層結構，有發達的微血管循環系統，由肺門孔開口於外套腔，除了可在水中以鰓呼吸外，當水中缺乏氧氣時水管可伸到水面，直接從空氣中獲得氧氣，這種習性使福壽螺可在十分惡劣的水質中生存，，。：福壽螺、、、。Golden Apple Snails in Taiwan Wen-Lung Wu and Yen-Chen Lee Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TAIWAN Abstract The apple snail Pomacea canaliculata had been invaded to Taiwan more than 15 years. The seriously agricultural and ecological damage been caused by this apple snail. P. canaliculata spread almost in all rice field, freshwater pool, paddy irrigated canal and other watercourse in Taiwan. Their pink egg sacs were adhered everywhere above 10cm height of the water surface. In this study the scientific papers and Government documents described the apple snail were reviewed, then discuss their special ecological habit, habitat and value of economic utilization. Finally, the prevention and treatment of their agricultural and ecological damage, and the study of their parasite were also reported. In the anatomy study, P. canaliculata hold taenioglossa radula, with one central tooth, two lateral teeth and four marginal teeth. The shell of P. canaliculata with three major layers, such as periostracum, prismatic and nacreous layers. Sexes are separate in P. canaliculata, therefore the male and female reproductive system could not been found in the single individual. The mantle is developed into a vascularized area and invaginated as a pouch, called pulmonary sac. The mantle edge elongates and rolls up to form a tube for air intake, siphon with the above structure of P. canaliculata may respire aquatically by their gill or aerially by their pulmonary sac. Keywords:Golden Apple Snails, Ecology, Invader, Taiwan. 前 言 福壽螺類英文稱為Apple snail (蘋果螺)，如果殼色為金黃色，則特稱為Golden Apple snail (金蘋果螺)，屬於蘋果