FlowandErrorControl.pptVIP

Flow and Error Control Sanchita Mal-Sarkar Ref: Data Communications and Networking by Behrouz A. Forouzan McGraw-Hill Flow Control Flow control coordinates the amount of data that can be sent before receiving acknowledgement It is one of the most important functions of data link layer. Flow control is a set of procedures that tells the sender how much data it can transmit before it must wait for an acknowledgement from the receiver. Receiver has a limited speed at which it can process incoming data and a limited amount of memory in which to store incoming data. Receiver must inform the sender before the limits are reached and request that the transmitter to send fewer frames or stop temporarily. Since the rate of processing is often slower than the rate of transmission, receiver has a block of memory (buffer) for storing incoming data until they are processed. Error Control Error control includes both error detection and error correction. It allows the receiver to inform the sender if a frame is lost or damaged during transmission and coordinates the retransmission of those frames by the sender. Error control in the data link layer is based on automatic repeat request (ARQ). Whenever an error is detected, specified frames are retransmitted. Error and Flow Control Mechanisms Stop-and-Wait Go-Back-N ARQ Selective-Repeat ARQ Stop-and-Wait Sender keeps a copy of the last frame until it receives an acknowledgement. For identification, both data frames and acknowledgements (ACK) frames are numbered alternatively 0 and 1. Sender has a control variable (S) that holds the number of the recently sent frame. (0 or 1) Receiver has a control variable ? that holds the number of the next frame expected (0 or 1). Sender starts a timer when it sends a frame. If an ACK is not received within a allocated time period, the sender assumes that the frame was lost or damaged and resends it Receiver send only positive ACK if the frame is intact. ACK number always defines the number of