第六章失业和通货膨胀.ppt

第六章　失业和通货膨胀 　失业 　通货膨胀 　菲利普斯曲线　　 Job loss Losing a job can be the most distressing economic event in a person’s life. Most people rely on their labor earnings to maintain their standard of living, and many people get from their work not only income but also a sense of personal accomplishment. A job loss means a lower living standard in the present, anxiety about the future, and reduced self-esteem. 本章的学习意义 研究宏观经济学的两个主要问题 痛苦指数＝失业率＋通货膨胀率 FYI：GNH（ Gross National Happiness） The Misery Index and the Percentage of the Presidential Vote to the Incumbent 本章要点 失业的类型、成因及经济成本：奥肯定律 如何治理失业 通货膨胀的成因及经济影响 如何治理通货膨胀 失业和通货膨胀的关系：菲利普斯曲线 The U.S. Civilian Unemployment Rate, 1959-2002 Unemployment Rates for Selected European Countries and the U.S., 1960-2003 我国城镇登记失业率 (1978-2006) 6.1　失业(unemployment) 失业的定义 失业的类型 失业的度量 失业的成因 失业的成本 失业的治理 6.1.1　失业的定义 失业≠没有工作 劳动力和非劳动力 Labor Force＝Employed＋Unemployed 失业是指在一定年龄范围内，有工作能力、愿意工作的人，正在找工作但仍没有工作的经济现象 达到法定的劳动年龄 有劳动能力 有工作的愿望并寻找工作 我国的失业统计 城镇失业人员是指城镇常住人口中一定年龄以上，有劳动能力，在调查期间无工作，当前有就业可能并以某种方式寻找工作的人员。 2006年末，我国城镇登记失业人数为847万人，城镇登记失业率为4.1%。 Categories of Unemployment The problem of unemployment is usually divided into two categories. The long-run problem and the short-run problem: The natural rate of unemployment The cyclical rate of unemployment Natural Rate of Unemployment The natural rate of unemployment is unemployment that does not go away on its own even in the long run. It is the amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences. Cyclical Unemployment Cyclical unemployment refers to the year-to-year fluctuations in unemployment around its natural rate. It is associated with with short-term ups and downs of the business cycle. Describing Unemployment Three Basic Questions: How does government measure the economy’s rate of unemployment? What problems arise in interpreting the unemployment data? How long are the unemployed typically without work? 1998年美国人口的分类 The Breakdown of the Population in 1998 5.1.2　失业的种类 摩擦性失业（Frictional unemploy