第8章病原学诊断与防治.ppt

第一篇 微生物学基础 第八章 病原学诊断与防治 Laboratory Diagnosis and Prevention Principles 第一节 细菌学诊断 第二节 病毒学诊断 第三节 真菌学诊断 第四节 特异性预防与治疗 Outline Laboratory diagnosis for bacterial infections Morphological -- microscopic Molecular Serological Laboratory diagnosis for viral infections Morphological -- electron microscopic Isolation Molecular: nucleic acids and proteins Serological Laboratory diagnosis for fungal infections Morphological -- microscopic Isolation Assays Morphological assays Light or electron microscopies Isolation and differentiation Serological assays Antigen-antibody assays Molecular assays Microorganism’s gene (DNA RNA) Principles for Specimen Collection Sterile manipulation, avoid contamination Obtain a specimen from the infected site according to the disease phase before administrating antibiotics Double sera for antibody detections, acute and recovery phase each Positive if the titer of the later specimen is above 4X to the first specimen Transport, and store correctly as soon as possible Store at -4oC for most bacterial specimens, but keep warm for Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Store at -4oC ~ -70oC for viral specimens Laboratory Diagnosis for Bacterial Infections 　Morphological 　Protein and Nucleic acids 　Antibody Bacteriological Diagnosis Identifying the organism Morphological Isolation culture Biochemical reaction Serological assays Pathogenesis antibiotics susceptibility Animal experiment Virulence test antibiotics susceptibility Morphological Non-stained microscopic observation Dark-field microscopy Observing the movement of live bacteria Stained microscopic observations Gram stain Acid-fast stain Fluorescence stain Isolation Culture: Colony Size Shape Color Surface features Smooth - Rough Transparency Hemolysis 分离培养isolation and cultivation Biochemical Reactions Sugar Fermentation H2S Test Citr