古典贸易理论.pptVIP

国际经济学International Economics微观Microeconomics 第一章 古典贸易理论Classical model of international trade The classical trade theory is the foundation of modern trade theory. There were two stages in the development of classical trade theory: initiated by Adam Smith and developed by Ricardian. Then the classical trade theory based on comparative advantage was established. 本章重点 重商主义的贸易理论 Mercantilism 绝对利益理论 Absolute advantage 比较利益原理 Comparative advantage Economics International Economics Market International trade theory Differences 1. Because of the limited mobility of production factors,the price of those factor are different in countries,therefore, the new explaination is needed. 采用静态分析,时间因素较少体现 静态分析是指在研究某一因素对过程的影响时，假定其他变量固定不变的一种分析方法。动态分析则要求对事物变化的过程以及变动中的各个变量对过程的影响加以分析。 Tools of analysis Production possibility frontier(生产可能性边界PPF) Community indifference curve (CIC)社会无差异曲线 帮助确定一国的均衡消费点 衡量整个社会的福利 Trade theory of Mercantilism Most of the trade theories are based on mercantilist theory. Mercantilism seems like trade protectionism today, but it was not the case at that time. Therefore, understanding mercantilism helps us the study of modern international trade theories. 重商主义Mercantilism 15 世纪末，资本主义的生产方式在西欧萌发，封建庄园瓦解，商品经济发展，各国国内的统一市场形成，世界市场在一定的范围内形成。 西欧各国采取措施， 鼓励发展对外贸易。早期的资本主要是以商品资本*的形态出现，重商主义应运而生。 *commodity capital是产业资本循环中的一种职能形式。它的职能是出售商品，收回预付资本并实现剩余价值。 重商主义的基本观点 The theory assumes that wealth and monetary assets are identical. Economic assets (or capital) were represented by bullion (gold, silver, and trade value) 扩大财富的途径：增加对国内金银的开采；开展对外贸易或者掠夺。 Mercantilism is an economic theory that holds the prosperity of a state is dependent upon its supply of capital, that the global volume of international trade is unchangeable, and that one party may benefit only at the expense of another. Mercantilism suggests that the ruling government should advance these goals by playing a protectionist role in the economy by encouraging exports and di