3第三章机械设计机械零件的度23第三章机械设计机械零件的强度23第三章机械设计机械零件的强度23第三章机械设计机械零件的强度2.ppt

* * * * * * §3—2 Fatigue strength of machine elements * Basic problem：Limit stress diagram of parts (零件的极限应力图) Fatigue limit under various kinds of stresses Ks-Combined influencing factors of bending fatigue Ks can be expressed as where ks-Efficient stress concentration factor Es-Size factor of a part Bs-Surface factor of a part Bq-Strengthening factor of a part （I）Fatigue strength of machine elements under uniaxial stable fluctuating stresses 1. A case of constant cycle characteristics （r＝C） Stress states in most rotating shaft M1’ N1‘ σa D G σm A M C N M1?(σ?me、σ?ae) Limit tress at point M1’ M1’ N1‘ σa D G σm A M C N The safe factor and it’s strength condition Static strength condition 2. A case of constant average stresses（σm＝C） M2’ N2‘ ?a D G σm A C M N H O Stress states in vibrating spring Limit stresses at point M2 The safe factor and its strength condition The static strength condition 3. A case of constant minimum stress（?min＝C） σa J G σm A C M N σminM M3’ N3‘ σminN Bolt fastening under axial loading σmin＝σm－σa＝C Limit stress at point M Safe factor and strength condition Illustration： IF you don’t know the types of fluctuating stresses, an assumption of r=C can be used （II）Fatigue strength under uniaxial unstable fluctuating stresses 1. Random unstable fluctua-ting stresses Subjected to random stresses，e.g., Road spring of Cars Obtain statistical distribution model by experiments, then evaluate fatigue strength by statistical methods 2. Regular unstable fluctuating stresses The fluctuating stresses have a simple regularity, you can evaluate the fatigue strength by fatigue damage accumulation method A machine tool Damage ratio in one cycle：1／N Damage ratio in n cycle：n／N Accumulated damage ratio ： If stress amplitudes haven’t great difference, and there are no strong short-time overload Stresses decrease gradually Stresses increase gradually When the accumulated damage ratio reaches 100%，fatigue damage happens 为什么？ σrNm N=σrm N0 =C