第十一章 模板 (tempates)第十一章 模板 (templates)第十一章 模板 (templates)第十一章 模板 (templates).ppt

11.1 Introduction Templates Function templates Specify entire range of related (overloaded) functions Function-template specializations Class templates Specify entire range of related classes Class-template specializations 11.2 函数模板 (Function Templates) Overloaded functions Similar operations Different types of data 11.2 函数模板 (Function Templates) Function templates Identical operations Different types of data Single function template Compiler generates separate object-code functions Type checking 11.2 函数模板 (Function Templates) 11.2 函数模板 (Function Templates) Function-template definitions Keyword template List formal type parameters in angle brackets ( and ) 11.2 函数模板 (Function Templates) Function-template definitions Each parameter preceded by keyword class or typename class and typename interchangeable template class T template typename ElementType template class BorderType, class FillType 11.2 函数模板 (Function Templates) Function-template definitions List formal type parameters in angle brackets ( and ) Specify types of Arguments to function Return type of function Variables within function 11.3 重载函数模板 (Overloading Function Templates) Related function-template specializations Same name Compiler uses overloading resolution 11.3 重载函数模板 (Overloading Function Templates) Function template overloading Other function templates with same name Different parameters Non-template functions with same name Different function arguments 11.3 重载函数模板 (Overloading Function Templates) Function template overloading Compiler performs matching process Tries to find precise match of function name and argument types If fails, function template Generate function-template specialization with precise match 11.4 类模板 (Class Templates) Stack LIFO (last-in-first-out) structure 11.4 类模板 (Class Templates) Class templates Generic programming Describe notion of stack generically Instantiate type-specific version Parameterized types Require one or more type parameters Customize “generic class”