PowerPoint简报-MoodleNTOU.pptVIP

名詞解釋 anticodon（反密碼子）： ribosomal RNA (rRNA)（核糖體RNA）： polyribosome（多核糖體）： mutations（突變）： point mutations（點突變）： mutagens（致突變原）： * Figure 13.8 The meiotic division of an animal cell * Figure 13.8 The meiotic division of an animal cell * Figure 13.9 A comparison of mitosis and meiosis in diploid cells * Figure 13.12 The results of crossing over during meiosis * Figure 15.15 Alterations of chromosome structure * Figure 16.10 Three alternative models of DNA replication * Figure 16.12 Origins of replication in E. coli and eukaryotes * Figure 16.13 Some of the proteins involved in the initiation of DNA replication * Figure 16.15 Synthesis of the leading strand during DNA replication * Figure 16.6 Synthesis of the lagging strand * Figure 16.6 Synthesis of the lagging strand * Figure 16.18 Nucleotide excision repair of DNA damage * Figure 17.3 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information * Figure 17.3 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information * Figure 17.7 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination * Figure 17.11 The roles of snRNPs and spliceosomes in pre-mRNA splicing * Figure 13.9 A comparison of mitosis and meiosis in diploid cells * Figure 13.9 A comparison of mitosis and meiosis in diploid cells * Figure 13.9 A comparison of mitosis and meiosis in diploid cells 人類：有Y就是雄性（XY、XYY、XXXY）決定雄性的基因就在Y染色體上 果蠅： X染色體是棒狀 Y染色體較短呈勾狀 八條染色體（六條體染色體、兩條性染色體） Morgan學生Bridge研究發現 雌性決定基因在X染色體上 雄性決定基因在幾個染色體上 Y染色體與生育力有關 XXY正常雌蠅 XO長大為雄蠅，但不孕 XX-XO system：昆蟲，雌比雄多一條染色體，如蝗蟲 雌性24條染色體，雄性23條染色體 XX：雌 XO：雄 ZW-ZZ system：雌雄決定與哺乳類相反，如鳥類、蝴蝶、某些爬蟲類 ZW：雌性heterogametic female ZZ：雄性homogametic male 複雜染色體系統：具有多條X與Y 蛔蟲：雄：26A+8X+Y 雌：26A+16X 減數分裂時，數條X染色體連接成一條 植物： 90%被子植物雌雄同體，10％雌雄異株或異花 某些一基因決定，某些多基因決定性別 有些有性染色體、有些無。 大部分性染色體一樣，草莓為XY之分 Some disorders caused by recessive alleles on the X chromosome in humans: Color blindness (色盲) Duchenne muscular dystrophy (裘馨氏肌肉萎縮症 )裘馨型肌肉萎縮症 (Duchenne Muscular D