Unit 3 Inventors and inventions语法非谓语动词学案（人教版必修8）.docVIP

非谓语动词分为三类：分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词和动词不定式。 I．结构： 一般式：to do (to be done)进行式：to be doing (表示正在发生的动作） 完成式：to have done (表示该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前）II. 不定式的否定结构:not to do//for sb not to do III.不定式的句法功能 1.主语 To see is to believe. It is not easy to learn a language well.(不定式作主语时往往用it做形式主语) 2..表语 My job is to attend the children. 3.定语 I have a lot of work to do. //She has no place to go. 4.宾语 I hope to go to Dalian again. I find it interesting to play the violin. (不定式作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放到后面) ★help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, promise, wish, pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare, manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire,等5.宾补 The teacher told us to clean the windows. I noticed the boy go into the shop. 注: feel, listen to, hear, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, make, let ,have等使役动词后宾语 补足语时,不定式符号to要省略,但这些句子变为被动语态时,就必须带to 符号. I often hear him sing this song. He is often heard to sing this song. 6.状语 表示目的: I got up early to(in order to/ so as to) catch the early bus. To/In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.(so as to不能用于句首) 表示原因: We were excited to hear the news. I am sorry to have hurt you. 表示结果: I hurried home to find Mary waiting for me. (不定式作结果状语时,常表示未预料之中的事,可在不定式前加only) 表示条件: To look at him, you would like him.[来源:金太阳新课标资源网 HTTP://WX.JTYJY.COM/] 修饰全句(独立成分) To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me. To be honest, I know nothing about it. 动名词 I. 结构：一般式：doing, being done(被动式) 完成式：having done, having been done(被动式) 否定式：not + doing II.动名词的句法功能 1.主语: (表示一般或抽象的多次性动作) Smoking is a bad habit. It is no use arguing with him. ★下列句型常用动名词 no use/ good It is/was not any use/good + doing of little/good useless 2.表语(说明主语的具体内容) Her job is building houses. 3.宾语 He is fond of playing football.//Would you mind my closing the door? ★下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语 suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建