《流行病学教学课件》2009PMID19219564Causal criteria and the problem of complex causation.PDFVIP

下载本文档

6
0
约6.25万字
约 11页
2017-03-02 发布于浙江
举报
版权申诉

《流行病学教学课件》2009PMID19219564Causal criteria and the problem of complex causation.PDF

1、本文档共11页，可阅读全部内容。
2、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。
3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
5、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
6、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
7、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
8、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次，网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档

Med Health Care and Philos (2009) 12:333–343 DOI 10.1007/s11019-009-9182-2 SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION Causal criteria and the problem of complex causation Andrew Ward Published online: 14 February 2009 ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Nancy Cartwright begins her recent book, Hunting Causes and Using Them, by noting that while a few years ago real causal claims were in dispute, nowadays ‘‘causality is back, and with a vengeance.’’ In the case of the social sciences, Keith Morrison writes that ‘‘Social science asks ‘why?’. Detecting causality or its corollary—prediction—is the jewel in the crown of social science research.’’ With respect to the health sciences, Judea Pearl writes that the ‘‘research questions that motivate most studies in the health sciences are causal in nature.’’ However, not all data used by people interested in making causal claims come from experiments that use random assignment to control and treatment groups. Indeed, much research in the social and health science depends on non-experimental, observational data. Thus, one of the most important problems in the social and health sciences concerns making warranted causal claims using non-experimental, observational data; viz., ‘‘Can observational data be used to make etiological inferences leading to warranted causal claims?’’ This paper examines one method of warranting causal claims that is especially widespread in epidemiology and the health sciences generally—the use of causal criteria. It is argued that cases of complex causation generally, and redundant causation—both causal overdetermination and causal preemption—speci?cally, undermine the use of such criteria to warrant causal claims. Keywords Bradford Hill á Causal criteria á Causal overdetermination á Causality á Late causal preemption á Redundant causation á Warranted causal claims A. Ward () Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA e-mail: ward0230@ Introduction Nancy Cartwright begins