直接引语变间接引语讲义.docVIP

直接引语变间接引语： 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：  John said, I’m going to London with my father.  约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）  John said that he was going to London with his father.  约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 在直接引语变间接引语时： 一、如何变人称：  下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：  She said. My brother wants to go with me. →She said her brother wanted to go with her.  “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：  He said to Kate. How is your sister now? →He asked Kate how her sister was then。  “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：  Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。 →Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 二、如何变时态：  直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 即：一般现在时→一般过去时；现在进行时→过去进行时；一般将来时→过去将来时；现在完成时→过去完成时；一般过去时→过去完成时；过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时不变如： 1)She said. I have lost a pen.→She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. We hope so.→She said they hoped so. 3) She said. He will go to see his friend。 →She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下几种情况下，在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ①主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时时态不变 。如： He says, I cleaned the floor.” →He says he cleaned the floor ②直接引语是客观真理。 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.” the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 = 3 \* GB3 ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：  Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。  = 4 \* GB3 ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：  He said, I get up at six every morning。 →He said he gets up at six every morning。  = 5 \* GB3 ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：  Peter said. You had better come here today。 →Peter said I had better go there that day。 = 6 \* GB3 ⑥ 直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接