《财政学教学资料》Political Economy（2003版）.pptVIP

Company Logo Several issues require careful examination Real-life complications ordered on a single dimension Ideology matters: politicians care about more than just winning elections. Personality: voters care about more than just issues. Leadership: politicians do not simply respond to voters’ preferences. Voter participation: may be affected by relative difference in candidates. government employees Bureaucrats: government employees. Na?ve to assume that a bureaucrats only aim is to interpret and passively fulfill the wishes of the electorate and its representatives. Niskanen (1971) a