Modulation of Solar and Stellar Activity Cycles太阳和恒星活动周期的调制.pptVIP

Solar and Stellar dynamos Steve Tobias (Applied Maths, Leeds) Stellar Dynamo Meeting – Leeds Dec 13 –17 2004 Talk Summary Observations Some basic theory Mean Field Electrodynamics The simplest solutions a-effect, a-quenching Big argument Other mechanisms for producing poloidal field What physics do we need to understand? Cartoon Pictures of solar dynamo a-effect Distributed Flux conveyor Interface Dynamos Observations: Solar Sunspots Observations Solar (a bit of theory) Observations: Solar Observations Solar Solar cycle not just visible in sunspots Solar corona also modified as cycle progresses. Weak polar magnetic field has mainly one polarity at each pole and two poles have opposite polarities Polar field reverses every 11 years – but out of phase with the sunspot field. Global Magnetic field reversal. Observations: Solar Observations: Solar Observations: Solar - helicities Important observational indices for dynamo theory are kinetic helicity , current helicity and magnetic helicity can be estimated from vector magnetograms At a given latitude, distribution about a mean value that is negative at in Northern Hemisphere is not easy to measure Suggestive that negative in NH (Berger Ruzmaikin 2000) Proxy of kinetic helicity can be measured (Duvall Gizon 2000) and is negative in the NH Observations: Solar (Proxy) Observations: Solar (Proxy) Solar Structure The Large-Scale Solar Dynamo Helioseismology shows the internal structure of the Sun. Surface Differential Rotation is maintained throughout the Convection zone Solid body rotation in the radiative interior Thin matching zone of shear known as the tachocline at the base of the solar convection zone (just in the stable region). Torsional Oscillations and Meridional Flows In addition to mean differential rotation there are other large-scale flows Torsional Oscillations Pattern of alternating bands of slower and faster rotation Period of 11 years