New Technologies for Challenging Situations – 具有挑战性的新技术的新技术.pptVIP

New Technologies for Challenging Situations – Perennial and Nursery Crops in California S. Schneider, T. Trout, J. Gerik USDA ARS, Parlier, CA H. Ajwa, B. Westerdahl U C, Davis Challenging Situations Field Nursery Crops strict nematode control regulations in California efficacy needed to 150 cm crop rescue if nematode management fails Challenging Situations Perennial Crop Replant roots from previous crop can harbor nematodes deep in the soil management is needed for more than one season “minor” failures compound over the life of the vineyard or orchard Challenging Situations Ornamental Crops diversity of cropping systems 145 crops/grower at one time short cropping cycle residual activity of pesticides proximity to urban areas Common Issues diversity of soil types diversity of climates diversity of pests pathogens dependence on methyl bromide Potential Solutions new materials new application technologies rescue technologies site-specific management innovative combinations of all tools available New Materials covered previously by Dr. Rodriquez-Kabana Performance in perennial, nursery, and ornamental systems will be presented Application Technologies Drip Irrigation Systems as a delivery vehicle for fumigants closed system use water to move emulsified materials adapt to distribution pattern needed bed vs. broadcast shallow vs. deep post-plant applications of supplemental materials Optimization of Drip Fumigation Recommendations for drip fumigation Field Trials Grapevine Nursery Trial - 2001 makes it “mandatory that nursery stock for farm planting be commercially clean with respect to economically important nematodes”. Experimental Design 85-year-old nematode-infested Thompson Seedless vineyard 11 treatments 5 replications Treatments Untreated Control Methyl Bromide (448 kg/ha), Treated Control Shank Iodomethane + Pic (224 +224 kg/ha) Shank Propargyl Bromide (202 kg/ha) Drip Iodomethane + Pic (224 +224 kg/ha), water cap Drip Propargyl Brom