Nuclear Fission and Fusion Notes核裂变和聚变注释.pptVIP

December 15, 2015 How is nuclear fusion different from nuclear fission? What causes elements to be “radioactive”? Goals To describe half life and solve problems using half life Radioactive Decay Rates Half life- The time required for half of the sample of radioactive nuclei to decay. Radioactive Decay Rates 1st half life ? ? sample remains unchanged 2nd half life- ? sample remains unchanged 3rd half life - 1/8 sample remains 4th half life - 1/16 sample remains Eventually the entire sample will decay Radioactive Decay Rates 2. With each successive half life, half of the remaining sample decays to form another element. Different radioactive isotopes have different half lives. Half lives can last from nanoseconds? billions of years Radioactive Decay Rates 3. If we know how much of the isotope is present at the beginning, we can predict how old the object is. Rocks 40K decays to 40Ar. The ratio of 40K to 40Ar is smaller in older rocks ( We have more 40Ar than 40K) Radioactive Decay Rates c. We can look at the ratios between C-12 and C-14 to determine the age of animal remains or plant remains. EXAMPLE: Thallium-208 has a half-life of 3.053 min. How long will it take for 120.0 g to decay to 7.50 g? To do half life problems, make a chart with 4 columns Number of Half Lives Time (Min*) * Since the half life is in min Amount Remaining (g) % Remaining 120 g (given in problem) 120/2 = 60 60/2 = 30 30/2 = 15 15/2 = 7.5 0 (START) 0 + 3.053 = 3.053 3.053 + 3.053 = 6.106 6.106 + 3.053 = 9.159 9.159 + 3.053 = 12.212 0 (no time has gone by) 1 2 3 4 100% (we have ALL of it!) 100% /2 = 50% 50%/2 = 25% 25%/2 = 12.5% 12.5%/2 = 6.25% EXAMPLE: What is the half-life of a 100.0 g sample of nitrogen-16 that decays to 12.5 g of nitrogen-16 in 21.6 s? To get to 12.5 g, it takes 3 half lives. The time is 21.6 s. Take the time and divide it by the number of half lives to determine how long one half life is. 21.6 s / 3 half lives = Check your work by filling i