Objects First With Java Chapter 4 Lehigh University第一章与java对象4利哈伊大学.pptVIP

Grouping objects Arrays, Collections and Iterators Main concepts to be covered Arrays Collections Iterators Requirement to group objects Many applications for collections of objects: Personal organizers Library catalogs Student-record system The number of items to be stored varies: Items added Items deleted Fixed-size collections Programming languages usually offer a special fixed-size collection type: an array Arrays are built-in, use [] syntax Java arrays can store objects or primitive-type values Maximum collection size must be fixed at Array creation time How is Array creation time more dynamic than in other programming languages, such as C++? Creating an array object The hourCounts array Using an array Square-bracket notation is used to access an array element: hourCounts[hour] Elements are used like ordinary variables In an expression: adjusted = hourCounts[hour] – 3; hourCounts[hour]++; Class libraries Collections of useful classes Encourages reuse of design and code Java organizes its libraries in packages The java.util package includes classes for grouping objects in collections A personal notebook Notes may be stored No limit to the number of notes It tells how many notes are stored Object structures with collections Features of ArrayList It keeps the objects in order It increases its capacity as necessary It keeps a private count:  size() accessor retrieves it Using ArrayList collection Adding a third note Retrieving an object Removal may affect numbering Review: ArrayList Items may be added and removed Each item has an index Index values may change if items are removed or further items added The main ArrayList methods are add, get, remove and size For more methods, see API document Collections framework Goals comparable to C++’s STL Data structures: Vector, LinkedList, HashSet, etc. Algorithms: Sorting, searching, shuffling, etc. Loops and bugs Why are loops often a cause of bugs? What kind of bugs? Wouldn’t be nice to avoid these bugs? Iteratin