Origin of the Solar System Augustana College奥古斯塔纳学院太阳系起源.pptVIP

Origin of the Solar System Astronomy 311 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 8 Quiz 1 Monday Covers lectures 1-8 and associated readings About half multiple choice (~20 questions), half short answer/problems (~4 questions) Study: Notes Can you write a paragraph explaining each major concept? Exercises Can you solve all the exercises with no resources? Readings Can you do all the homework with no book and Quizdom questions with no notes? Bring pencil and calculator! No sharing! The Solar System Questions When did it form? Why does it have structure? Structure of the Solar System The solar system has three distinct regions Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Asteroids Made of metal and rock Outer region Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Moons Made of ice and gas Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud Made of ice Where Did the Solar System Come From? We can’t look back in time to see how the Sun and planets formed, but we can look at young stars that are forming today Star Formation Due to an external stimulus (e.g., supernova shockwave, stellar wind) Gravity causes the core to contract to a star Conservation of angular momentum makes the clump spin faster Rapid rotation causes the outer layers to form a disk Circumstellar Disks Disks are fairly cool and can be detected with infrared and millimeter telescopes Disks are common around young stars From Disks to Planets Where does the disk go? Formed into planets Disks you can see, planets you can’t How Do Planets Form? There are 4 stages to planet formation ? ? grains stick together to form planetesimals ? ? gas and leftover planetesimals are cleared from solar system What Was the Solar Nebula Made of? Solar Nebula -- From studying meteorites and star forming regions we hope to discover what the solar nebula was made of Two basic components Gas -- Dust -- made of rock (silicates), metal (iron) and ices (water, methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide) Solar System Dust Grain Accretion of G