Philosophy of Money Georg Simmel1907 UITS钱格奥尔齐美尔哲学1907信息.pptVIP

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Philosophy of Money Georg Simmel1907 UITS钱格奥尔齐美尔哲学1907信息.ppt

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Philosophy of Money Georg Simmel1907 UITS钱格奥尔齐美尔哲学1907信息

* Philosophy of MoneyGeorg Simmel (1907) Monetary Theory and Policy Graduate Seminar ECON 6411 Fall 2008 * Basis A philosophy of money or a sociology of money. Austrian, draws heavily on Carl Menger (1871). Rejects Karl Marx’s labor theory of value in favor of an Austrian variant of the marginal utility approach. Assumes rational, purposeful, essentially utility-maximizing agents. Individualistic approach. Highly pragmatic and positivistic. (Anticipates Friedman) * Focus We tend to focus on money in terms of its functions: in exchange (medium of exchange), as an asset (store of value), and being useful for accounting purposes (unit of account). Simmel focuses on money and the monetary system as an integral part of the market economy. Money is a social institution. Money is related to justice, liberty, and man as a social creature. The monetary system is not the conscious creation of a political entity, but rather is the unintended product of social evolution. * Money and Society Simmel begins with exchange, and the relationship that exchange creates between people. Exchange is a contract. The institution of money is time-varying, evolving through time as a result of social forces, not as a result of design. Money is similar to moral or moretical codes, or even common law. The intrinsic value of money is incidental to its nature or usefulness. The critical feature giving money value is its acceptability as payment for useful commodities at a stable rate of exchange. Each member to exchange must believe this feature is guaranteed somehow. * The Guarantee Belief in that guarantee contains “an element of socio-psychological quasi-religious faith” based upon “confidence in the socio-political organization and order.” Simmel refers to this as trust. Immediate implication: if anything damages the credibility of the contract between the guarantor and the parties to exchange, the economic system breaks down. * Money and Freedom Money is also linked directly to justice a