Photon Mapping on Programmable Graphics Hardware可编程图形硬件上的光子映射.pptVIP

Photon Mapping on Programmable Graphics Hardware Timothy J. Purcell, Craig Donner, Mike Cammarano, Henrik Wann Jensen, and Path Hanrahan Photon Mapping Overview Global illumination model Every surface will have an extra texture associated with it, called a photon map Photon mapping is a two stage process Simulating the movement of photons and recording their interactions with each surface During rendering, using the photon density around a point on a surface to determine its radiance All the stages are performed on hardware Process of Recording Photons Recording photons occurs during the simulation phase A predetermined number of photons are used All photons begin on the light sources with a random direction When released each photon bounces a specified number of times Each bounce is recorded in the photon map Photon Map Data Structure Original structure was a balance k-d tree k-d trees are not feasible on the GPU due to the need for random access writes Proposed a uniform grid to divide the map Each photon hit has its surface location and cell location recorded Building the Grid Two methods were proposed Photon cell sorting Pseudo rendering algorithm Bitonic Merge Sort Uses bitonic merge sort Doesn’t require extra memory Reuses the photon map memory Each step performs n comparisons and swaps Sorting step run time of O(log2n) Binary search is used to locate the first photon for each cell Stencil Routing The GPU vertex programs provide a special glPoint mechanism for drawing to a location in memory Memory must be allocated for the grid on the card The grid is subdivided into mxm pixels The cell number is computed when the photon hits the surface Stencil Routing Cont. Using glPointSize set to m, the pixel width of a cell Draw a point at the cell location Using a stencil buffer, the photon is routed to a specific location in the cell The power of a photon is distributed to all the photons in the cell if there is no more room in the cell Stencil Routing Cont. Stencil