PhotosynthesisChapter 8光合作用8章.pptxVIP

Photosynthesis Chapter 8 Before we begin…. Living organisms can be broken down into two types. Autotrophs Heterotrophs Autotrophs make food using sunlight as energy Plants Heterotrophs get energy by eating autotrophs and other heterotrophs Humans Mushrooms Horses Etc. But what is energy? Energy comes in many forms Heat Electricity Chemicals Light In biology, most energy is chemical The main fuel is called ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) ATP is a nucleotide ATP is the energy currency It can store energy or release it in chemical reactions Think of ATP as a battery that powers an iPod? How ATP Functions…. Investigating Photosynthesis Ch 8-2 Photosynthesis – plants (and some other organisms) use the energy from the sun to glue water and CO2 together into high energy sugars and oxygen Jan Van Helmont – 1600s Belgian Physician Watered a seedling for 5 years in a pot and the plant grew about 75 kg (~165 lbs) Determined the plants mass came from water since the soil mass was practically unchanged This experiment explains only how water contributes to plant mass, not CO2 Investigating Photosynthesis Cont. Joseph Priestly - 1700s English minister Put a lit candle under a jar and watched it gradually burn out Something in the air was needed to make the candle burn Placed a sprig of living mint under the jar with the candle, the candle did not go out Something was being produced by the mint that was needed to make the candle burn This “something” is oxygen Jan Ingenhousz – Dutch scientist Showed Priestly’s experiment could only happen when the plant was exposed to light, thus, light is necessary for making sugars While these scientists were able to show what was required, they were not able to show how it happened. Light and Pigments Chlorophyll (pigment) is necessary to capture light energy in chloroplasts so photosynthesis may occur. White light from the sun is actually a mixture of colors When these colors reflect off surfaces into your eye, you see them Chlorophyll a and b