PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES Norman Public Schools扁形动物门诺尔曼公立学校.pptVIP

PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES FLAT BODIED WORMS Class Turbellaria (planarians) mostly predatory free living Class Trematoda (internal flukes) only parasitic complex life-cycles Class Cestoda (tapeworms) only parasitic EXAMPLES PLANARIA – FREE LIVING – AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL Herbivore, carnivore, scavenger TAPEWORMS – INTESTINAL PARASITE W/ MORE THAN 1 HOST TAENIA FLUKES – INTERNAL PARASITE W/MORE THAN ONE HOST BLOOD FLUKE SCHISTOSOMA LIVER FLUKE FASCIOLA TRAITS ORGAN LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION BILATERAL SYMMETRY SAC TYPE BODY – 1 OPENING/ no anus GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY IS BRANCHED TRIPLOBLASTIC – 3 GERM/tissue LAYERS CEPHALIZATION – has a head BRAIN WITH 2 NERVE CORDS TRANSVERSE NERVES SENSE ORGANS – light and chemicals Occeli/eyespots and auricles/ears TRAITS ACOELOMATE – no coelom/body cavity DIFFUSION METHODS FOR: GAS EXCHANGE - O2 and CO2 WASTE REMOVAL – by FLAME CELLS CIRCULATION of nutrients and waste REMEMBER: DIFFUSION IS A SLOW PROCESS; HI TO LO TRAITS MUSCLES FOR LOCOMOTION REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL – REGENERATE SEXUAL – HERMAPHRODITES BUT CROSS FERTILIZE EVOLUTIONARY MILESTONE ORGAN LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION reproductive, excretory, muscular BILATERAL SYMMETRY CEPHALIZATION Anterior and posterior Dorsal and ventral Platyhelminthes Taxonomy Classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes --Widely distributed in N. America -- about 200 species --Occur in both lakes and streams -- Stream-dwelling species more differentiated than lake species --Species diversity increases in temperate areas 20 to 60 species per lake Sensory/nervous Exhibits cephalization Group of nerve tissue (GANGLIA) at anterior Ganglia attached to 2 nerve chords well developed sensory eyespots for light auricles for chemical and mechanical (touch) receptors Class Trematoda – the Flukes * Epidermis/ ECTODERM gut cavity no body cavity; region between gut and body wall packed with organs within MESODERM tissue Acoelomate organism (flatworm) Lining