Plant Ecology Chapter 8 Information Technology植物生态学第8章信息技术.pptVIP

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Plant Ecology Chapter 8 Information Technology植物生态学第8章信息技术.ppt

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Plant Ecology Chapter 8 Information Technology植物生态学第8章信息技术

Plant Ecology - Chapter 17 Climate Physiognomy The Abiotic Components of Ecosystems Outside Energy Source Physical factors that determineweather, climate Heat Heat Heat Heat Heat Heat Daily temperatures can also vary dramatically in some habitats Deserts - dry air, loses heat rapidly High altitudes - thinner “blanket” of atmosphere Heat Long-term changes in earth’s orbit, position Collectively produce Croll-Milankovic effects on climate Orbit shape change Affects range of seasonal variation Heat Degree of tilt Affects range of seasonal variation Heat Direction of the tilt - the “wobble” Changes which hemisphere is pointed toward sun when orbit is closest to sun Affects severity of seasonal shift Wind and Precipitation Uneven heating Ascending, descending air masses - Hadley cell Modifiers Rotation of the globe - Coriolis effect Hadley, Ferrel cells, jet streams Modifiers Ocean currents, gyres induced by surface air mass movements Modifiers Topography - mountains Rain shadows Modifiers Topography - lakes Lake effect precipitation Modifiers Modifiers Seasonal Patterns Multi-year Patterns Multi-year Patterns Combined ocean currents and jet stream Multi-year Patterns Milder winters along US-Canada border Increased winter storms in California Floods in SE, snow in SW mountains Decreased hurricane activity in Atlantic Multi-year Patterns More, stronger tornadoes in Midwest More, stronger hurricanes Drought, forest fires in SW Plant Physiognomy North-south gradient in vegetation form due to temperature West-east changes in response to precipitation Plant Physiognomy Evergreen broadleaf Deciduous broadleaf Evergreen coniferous Tree line Plant Physiognomy Tree line climate can produce strange tree forms - krummholz Atypical growth pattern resulting from borderline growth conditions - mean annual soil temps. 5-8°C, air temps. ~10°C Plant Physiognomy Gradual transition from west to east, grassland to woodland to forest Changes in amount, seasonality of rainfall Plant Phy