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Politics of India University of Mississippi印度密西西比大学政治学.ppt

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Politics of India University of Mississippi印度密西西比大学政治学

Politics of India India 2nd most populous nation Population: over one billion Growing at 1.4% a year A nation of diversity: languages Constitution lists 14 official “principal languages” English Hindi (30%) A nation of diversity: religions Religions: Hindu (~80%) Muslim (~13%) others (e.g. Buddhist 0.7%) all major religions in the world are present one of the major causes of conflict religion can become a political vehicle for social movement Brief history One of the world’s oldest civilizations 5,000 years foreign incursions Aryans, Arabs, Turks, Portugal, France, and Britain from 1,500 B.C. to 19th Century A.D. 190 years of British colonial rule Informal colonial rule through the British East India Company (1750s-1850s) formal colonial rule after the Mutiny rebellion of 1857 British colonial rule economic impact trade structure colonial institutions state structure Struggle for independence Indian National Congress was formed in 1885 non-violent resistance to colonial rule Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948) transformed INC unity within diversity non-cooperation movement Nehru (1889-1964) Independence partition Division of the subcontinent (1947) India Pakistan Independence partition East Pakistan became Bangladesh in 1971 Republic of India Prime Minister Nehru (1947-1964) His daughter (Indira Gandhi) as Prime Minister (1966-1977, 1980-1984) Nehru’s legacies His grandson Rajiv Gandhi Prime Minister (1984-1989) His granddaughter-in-law Sonja Gandhi Congress party president (1999 - ) World’s largest democracy Resilient democratic institutions, processes, and legitimacy except 1975-1977 Indira Gandhi declared national emergency politics in India is characterized by governments of precarious coalitions weakened political institutions political activism along ethnic lines Turnout % in General Elections Economic development Under Prime Minister Nehru’s rule private property and government guidance powerful planning commission government rules and regulations opportunities an