Peste des Petits Ruminants Iowa State University小反刍兽疫爱荷华州立大学.pptVIP

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Peste des Petits Ruminants Iowa State University小反刍兽疫爱荷华州立大学.ppt

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Peste des Petits Ruminants Iowa State University小反刍兽疫爱荷华州立大学

* Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by fever, erosive stomatitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and pneumonia. The name is French for “disastrous disease of small ruminants.” Goats are usually more severely affected than sheep. PPR is caused by a paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus. It is antigenically very similar to the rinderpest virus. For many years PPR was considered a variant of rinderpest virus, specifically adapted for goats and sheep, having lost its virulence for cattle. It is now known that the two viruses are distinct, though closely related antigenically. (Photo: The morbillivirus that causes PPR.) * PPR was first described in C?te dIvoire (West Africa) in 1942. Investigators soon after confirmed existence of the disease in Nigeria, Senegal, and Ghana. In 1972 in the Sudan, a disease in goats, originally diagnosed as rinderpest, was confirmed to be PPR. The renewed spread in the 1990s of PPR, as well as other animal diseases in Africa and the Middle East, was not only related to biological factors, but to deteriorating standards in national veterinary services in these countries. Changes in government priorities have lead to decreased funding and a restructuring which has disrupted national veterinary services. * The presence of PPR can have a serious impact on the economics of a region. Economic losses are due to loss of production, death, and abortion. The presence of disease can limit trade, export, import of new breeds, and the development of intensive livestock production. PPR is a major constraint on the availability of protein for human consumption as well. * Among domesticated animals, PPR is primarily a disease of goats and sheep. Cattle are usually infected asymptomatically, and are not known to transmit the disease to other animals. No clinical signs were reported in experimentally infected pigs, which also appear to be dead-end hosts. PPR can affect some wild