Porosity and Permeability Washingtonville Central 孔隙度和渗透率华盛顿维尔中心.pptVIP

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Porosity and Permeability Washingtonville Central 孔隙度和渗透率华盛顿维尔中心.ppt

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Porosity and Permeability Washingtonville Central 孔隙度和渗透率华盛顿维尔中心

Topic VII….Continued Storage and Movement of Ground Water Porosity and Permeability Porosity -A measure of the amount of air space within a soil is known as porosity. A soil of high porosity means that there is a great deal of air space between soil particles. Permeability - If the air spaces within the soil are interconnected, water can flow through the rock and soil and the material is said to be “permeable” Material can be porous without being permeable, but it cannot be permeable without being porous. FACTORS AFFECTINGPorosity….. Shape of particles - ….the more well rounded the particles within a soil or rock sample are, the more porosity the sample has. Size distribution - …If all particles are the same size, there is more porosity than if the particles are of mixed sizes Shape of particles…. FACTORS AFFECTING Permeability…. The larger the grain sizes, the more permeable the material The more homogeneous the material sizes, the more permeable the soil is Generally, the more well rounded the material is, the more permeable it is. Note the following regions of groundwater……. Zone of Aeration - the upper zone of ground where pore spaces are NOT all filled with water. Zone of Saturation - the lower layer of ground where all pore spaces are filled with water. In the “Zone of Aeration”, It is composed of 3 regions…. 1 - The uppermost regions where water forms a film around grains of topsoil(soil water) 2 - The Capillary Fringe which lies just above the water table and draw water up from the zone of saturation. 3 - the middle zone which remains relatively dry. The “Water Table” The water table is the topmost layer of the zone of saturation. The water table will rise and fall with topography, with seasons, and with use. Ordinary Wells and Springs Ordinary wells… Must penetrate deeply into highly permeable rock and sediment. If the well is not deep enough, the well may run dry during the summer months. As water is pumped out of such a well, a “cone of depression”