Probing the Edge of the Solar System Formation of an Unstable不稳定的太阳系形成的边缘.pptVIP

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Probing the Edge of the Solar System Formation of an Unstable不稳定的太阳系形成的边缘.ppt

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Probing the Edge of the Solar System Formation of an Unstable不稳定的太阳系形成的边缘

Heliosphere - Lectures 6October 04, 2005 Space Weather CourseCorotating Interaction Region, Magnetic Clouds, Interplanetary Shocks, Shocks and DiscontinuitiesChapter 6-Gombosi (Shocks and Discontinuities)Chapter 6 - Kallenrode (The Solar Wind)(Shock Waves 6.8) (extra reading Landau and Lifschitz-) Overview of what we l saw in Lecture 05 Corotating Interaction Regions Magnetic Clouds How CMEs propagate in Space (how CME share its energy?) Interplanetary Shocks Only one-third of CMEs drive an interplanetary shocks, while all the interplanetary shocks are driven by CMEs. Interplanetary shocks are indentified as sudden increase of density, speed, temperature and magnetic field. The basic properties of shocks between 0.3-1.0AU: Compression ratio varies between 1 and 8 Magnetic compression varies between 1 and 7 Shock speed between 300km/s-700km/s. Occasionally shocks speeds above 2000km/s are observed. The angular extent of the shock varies between few tens of degrees And up to 180. The shock is always wider than the driving CME. If a shock is very fast close to the Sun (with CME speeds Above a1000km/s it is likely to decelerate in the interplanetary space. If a shock is rather slow on the Sun to do not decelerate but Propagate at roughly constant speed. Shock Physics Chapter 6 - Gombosi What are shocks? Shocks and Discontinuities: transition layers where the state of the fluid changes from one that is near an equilibrium state to a different one. (Examples: Shocks, transition layers in the Interplanetary Medium, in the Sun) Transition layer is very narrow compared to the characteristic scale of the system Examples of Shocks What are shocks? A Shock is a discontinuity separating two different regimes in otherwise continuous medium. It is associated with a disturbance moving faster than the signal speed in the medium (in a gas the signal speed is the speed of sounds; in space plasma: alfven speed and the sound speed) At the shock front the properties of t